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Tuesday, March 17, 2020

Ministry of Commerce and Agriculture

The primary legislative enactment inserting these agricultural banks on a agency basis was the regulation of December 23rd, 1894, which entrusted their administration to a particular division of the Ministry of Commerce and Agriculture. Three years later (February 24th, 1897), one other regulation created an Administrative Council, consisting of a director and of two councillors, wherein the administration of the agricultural banks was vested.


By 1895, these banks had vastly enlarged their transactions, and secured the illustration of the Bulgarian Nationwide Financial institution in these locations the place it had no branches of its personal. Within the following 12 months, they concluded overseas a mortgage of 30,000,000 frs., at 5 per cent, curiosity, of which solely fivesixths have been issued. Via this capital, the banks have been capable of vastly prolong their enterprise, and have now develop into the soul of the agricultural economic system of our nation.


These agricultural banks are actually regulated by the regulation of December 31st, 1903, which gave them the title of Bulgarian Agricultural Financial institution, in addition to by the regulation of March 24th, 1905. Its capital quantities to 35,000,000 frs., to that are added the annual income. 25 per cent, of those latter are, nevertheless, reserved for the development of the completely different branches of agriculture.


ORGANISATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF THE BANK


The Central Administration of the Agricultural Financial institution is in Sofia.


The financial institution has branches in 85 district centres, and businesses in 75 of the extra necessary villages of Bulgaria.


The administration is entrusted to an Administrative Council which consists of a governor and of 4 directors, who’re appointed by the Prince. On the head of each department there’s a director, who is also appointed by the Prince.


TRANSACTIONS OF THE BANK


The principal transactions of the financial institution are as follows:



  1. Accepts deposits.

  2. Advances loans, assured by mortgage or securities.

  3. Advances loans, assured by items, cattle, seeds, agricultural produce.

  4. Advances to farmers sums for purchasing cattle, seeds, and agricultural implements.

  5. Advances private loans.

  6. Opens uncovered present accounts to farmers and cooperative societies.

  7. Buys, for the account of farmers and at their request, agricultural implements, machines, cattle, and seeds.

  8. Advances to the departments and communes loans, destined for the amelioration of the agricultural economic system of the nation.

  9. Collects the worth of business payments.

  10. Transfers payments.

  11. Accepts numerous deposits.


The pursuits which the financial institution pays or fees are mounted as follows:


5 p.c. curiosity each year on deposits for 5 years.


four PC „    »             »             »             » three years.


three PC       99           99           9J            99           99           99


The financial institution pays 1 per cent, curiosity on deposits left for limitless phrases as much as 50,000 frs., past which sum no curiosity is allowed.


The curiosity charged on loans assured by the deposit of securities, is 6 p.c. each year, on mortgage loans, 7 p.c., and on loans with private ensures, eight p.c.


The tables on pages 28586 will give the reader an concept of the progress which the financial institution has made since 1881.

Thursday, March 12, 2020

BULGARIA ART EXHIBITIONS

The gradual and painful progress of creative life in Bulgaria, and the gradual spreading of creative style among the many Bulgarian public, can be finest seen from a quick survey of the historical past of artwork exhibitions in Bulgaria.


The primary artwork exhibition was organised in 1887 by Ivan Angeloff, trainer within the Gymnasium of Sofia and a graduate of the Munich Academy of Positive Arts. This exhibition, which contained three footage painted in Bulgaria and various sketches and research courting from the artist’s pupil days in Munich, in addition to drawings by college students of the Gymnasium, was held in one of many drawingrooms of the Gymnasium in honour of the Prince, who had lately been elected to the Bulgarian throne. In addition to the royal go to, the exhibition solely attracted the eye of some private associates of the artist.


Some 5 years later, on the event of the primary Bulgarian Industrial and Agricultural Exhibition, held in Plovdiv in 1892, the primary collective artwork exhibition was organised, the productions of the varied Bulgarian artists, practically all of whom have been lecturers within the gymnasium, being exhibited. The part of the exhibition during which, apart from the above artists, Bulgarian college students of portray and sculpture within the international artwork academies additionally participated, attracted so little consideration that no printed catalogue of the work exhibited was ever issued. The one Bulgarian newspaper which seen it was Bal kanska Zora, the place an extended article appeared beneath the preliminary Bbulgaria vacation M., behind which in all probability was hidden some Bulgarian artist who was himself participating within the exhibition. Even the organ of the administration of the exhibition, the thing of which throughout its two years’ publication was to tell the general public in regards to the progress of the exhibition and to acquaint it with the objects collected, makes no point out of the part the place for the primary time the works of the Bulgarian artists had been introduced collectively. All that it accommodates on the topic is a quick discover coping with the image of Holarek, ” the Return of the Bulgarian Prisoners blinded by Basil I., 1014.”


This primary exhibition of Bulgarian artwork, which didn’t solely deserve the neglect with which it was handled, was adopted in 1894 by one other—the primary unbiased artwork exhibition consisting of productions by members and nonmembers of the Affiliation for Encouraging the Positive Arts in Bulgaria. This exhibition, as additionally these which adopted in 1897, 1898, and 1899, was organised with the cooperation and the pecuniary help of the Authorities.


The primary collective artwork exhibition with none ethical or materials help from the Authorities was that organised by the Society of Modem Artwork, and held in 1904. This society, which was shaped in 1903, has proven from the very first, and continues to indicate, an incredible, virtually feverish exercise. It has already organised, at its personal danger and with its non-public assets, three exhibitions of the productions of all its members, and 7 exhibitions of images by particular person members. In addition to, the Society of Modem Artwork, as additionally the Society of Bulgarian Artists, took half within the first Southern Slav Artwork Exhibition, which was held in Belgrade in 1904, whereas throughout the months of August and September, 1906, it organised the second Southern Slav Artwork Exhibition in Sofia. On this final event the Society of Modem Artwork was helped by the State, each morally and materially.


Inventive curiosity and style in Bulgaria


With the awakening and growth of creative curiosity and style in Bulgaria, the ethical success of Bulgarian artwork was assured, and materials encouragement and prosperity weren’t gradual to comply with. This final was to some extent true even of the earliest exhibition, that organised by Ivan Angeloff, solely the customer then was not a Bulgarian, however a foreigner, a Slav, who had been captivated by the real Bulgarian topics of images like that of the “ Ruins of St. Sophia ” and the views of the village of Slivnitza, and of Sofia because it appeared in its Turkish character, earlier than the brand new planning of the city had been carried into impact.


 

Wednesday, March 11, 2020

The present version

Gount Villiers de l`Isle Adam, bom in Brittany in 1838, led an odd life. “Born with out common will-power,” says Huneker, “besides the desire to think about stunning and unusual issues, all his years he fought the contending impulses of his twin nature.”


He was the very mannequin of a bohemian. His unusual tales, the most effective of that are collected underneath the title Merciless Tales, are improbable prose poems within the method of Poe. The Torture of Hope, based on Huneker, remembers Poe at his finest.


The current model, anonymously translated, is reprinted from an American assortment of tales, not dated. It’s from the amount of Merciless Tales.


The Torture of Hope


A few years in the past, as night was closing in, the venerable Pedro Arbuez d`Espila, sixth prior of the Dominicans of Segovia, and third Grand Inquisitor of Spain, adopted by a fra redemptor, and pre¬ceded by two familiars of the Holy Workplace, the latter carrying lanterns, made their solution to a subterranean dungeon.


The bolt of a large door creaked, and so they entered a mephitic in tempo, the place the dim gentle re¬vealed between rings fixed to the wall a bloodstained rack, a brazier and a jug. On a pile of straw, loaded with fetters and his neck encircled by an iron carcan, sat a haggard man, of unsure age, clothed in rags.


This prisoner was no apart from Rabbi Aser Abarbanel, a Jew of Aragon, who—accused of usury and pitiless scorn for the poor—had been every day subjected to torture for greater than a 12 months. But “his blind¬ness was as dense as his disguise,” and he had refused to abjure his religion.


Pleased with a filiation courting again 1000’s of years, happy with his an¬cestors—for all Jews worthy of the title are useless of their blood—he descended Talmudically fromOthoniel and consequently fromlpsiboa, the spouse of the final choose of Israel, a circumstance which had sustained his braveness amid incessant torture. With tears in his eyes on the considered this resolute soul rejecting salvation, the venerable Pedro Arbuez d`Espila, approaching the shuddering rabbi, addressed him as follows:


“My son, rejoice: your trials right here beneath are about to finish. If within the presence of such obstinacy I used to be compelled to allow, with deep remorse, using nice severity, my activity of fraternal correction has its limits. You’re the fig tree which, having failed so many occasions to bear fruit, eventually withered, however God alone can choose your soul.

Tuesday, March 10, 2020

Bulgaria maintains broad worldwide contacts

The nation’s industrialization has marked a nonetheless better progress The nation’s industrialization has marked a nonetheless better progress. At present Bulgaria has her personal heavy trade – mining, metallurgical, chemical and heavy engineering industries – and lightweight trade geared up with fashionable expertise. The mixed chemical works in Devnya are amongst Europe’s largest, and Bulgaria is likely one of the foremost producers on the earth of mechanical dealing with gear, soda ash, storage batteries, irrigation gear, digital machines. The annual output energy is 32,000 million kilowatt-hours, of ferrous rolled inventory – three million tons, of cement – 5.2 million tons, of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers – 1 million tons, of car tires – 1.5 million items, of tractors – 7,700.


The nation’s accelerated financial growth has led to a continuing rise within the folks’s residing stan- dards.The current-day citizen of Bulgaria has his issues, after all, however he doesn’t know the nightmare of unemployment, enjoys free medical companies and free training, lives with a confidence within the days to return. Thus, as an example, whereas in 1960-1976 interval was attribute with the spiralling processes of inflation everywhere in the world, retail costs in Bulgaria went up 11.2 per cent (wage improve — 89 per cent.)


Notably spectacular are Bulgaria’s achievements within the subject of public well being, training and tradition. She holds one of many foremost locations on the earth for the variety of physicians (one per each 450 folks) and college college students (145 per each 10,000). There are at current 27 increased academic institutions within the nation, 185 state-maintained museums, 10,407 public libraries, four,255 library golf equipment, 7 state and 20 newbie opera corporations, 55 theatres, scores and 1000’s of newbie pop and people artwork teams, a lot of which have been distinguished with worldwide prizes.


Bulgaria maintains broad worldwide contacts and has broadly opened her doorways to the world Bulgaria, which is completely devoted to peaceable and constructive labor, is a satisfied and energetic champion of the coverage of detente and peaceable cooperation amongst nations. Her authorities has demonstrated greater than as soon as its loyalty to the good concepts of peace and human progress, its will to dwell in understanding with all peoples and its neighbors particularly. As an equal member of the socialist group Bulgaria has her loyal buddies.I has all of the ensures for her nationwide independence and is trying with assurance ahead into the long run.


 


 

Sunday, March 8, 2020

Gallery of the National Museum

Owing to these gaps, the picture gallery of the National Museum is of small assistance to the student in striving to determine the principal characteristics of Bulgarian art. Of far greater importance for that purpose are the art exhibitions which have been held during recent years in Sofia or abroad, and where Bulgarian art has been well represented both in quality and quantity. This is especially true of those exhibitions in which the artists belonging to both Bulgarian art societies have participated at the same time. There have been hitherto two such occasions: in 1904, during the first Southern Slav Art Exhibition, held in Belgrade, and in 1906, when the members of the Society of Art took part in the second Southern Slav Art Exhibition held in Sofia, while the Society of Bulgarian Artists organised an independent exhibition of the works of its members.


For the purpose of the present chapter, the Belgrade Exhibition offers far greater interest, not only because on that occasion the Bulgarian artists figured with better selected productions, but also, and mainly, because the juxtaposition of these latter with the works of Croatians, Slovenians, and Servians brought into more striking prominence the characteristic traits of Bulgarian art.


The four nationalities which took part in these exhibitions may be classed into two groups, Croatians and Slovenians forming the first, while the Servians and the Bulgarians formed the second. The most striking feature of the works of the Croatian and Slovenian artists was their form and technique. There can be little doubt that this peculiarity is due to the political condition of these two nationalities, neither of which exists as an independent political unit.


Both Croatians and Slovenians are engaged in a racial struggle with the predominant German element in the Austro Hungarian Empire a struggle which is reflected in  all the departments of their national life, art not excluded. They realise that, if they are not to be worsted in Balkan tours 2020 – 2021 this struggle, they must not prove themselves inferior to their rivals in those respects where the latter most excel, the more so as in the case of neither of these two nationalities have form and technique been transmitted traditionally or been evolved on independent historical lines.


Slovenians and Croatians


In contrast with Slovenians and Croatians, the distinctive feature of the productions of Servian and Bulgarian artists seems to reside in their contents rather than in the form. As representatives of free nations, they are not under the necessity of fighting for the right of existence, and in matters of art they have done as they did in other branches of their national activity: they borrowed from other nations such forms as did not exist at home, and gave them a national content. Owing to this circumstance, we find both in Servians and Bulgarians a lack of equilibrium and unity between the form and the subjects treated.


 

Saturday, March 7, 2020

Bulgarians uninterrupted possession

Personally, I attach more importance to the fact that the Bulgarians have held long and uninterrupted possession of the soil on which they dwell, than I do to their traditions of bygone greatness.


The whole history of the Balkan Peninsula, from the establishment of the Byzantine Empire down to the capture of Constantinople by the Turks, is one long unintelligible and confused record of internecine wars between Greeks, Turks, Serbs, Wallachs, and Bulgarians. Sometimes one race got the upper hand, sometimes the other. Ever and anon a powerful chief arose in this remote quarter of Europe; made war successfully upon his neighbours ; extended his dominions over the surrounding states; and called himself King,


Caesar, Czar, Emperor, as the case might be. The Bulgarians had their fair share of these ephemeral dynasties. In the ninth century, there was a certain Boris, the national hero of Bulgaria, after whom the infant son of Prince Ferdinand has just been named. Boris founded the first Bulgarian Monarchy;


made himself lord and master of the whole Balkan Peninsula, almost down to the shores of the iEgean Sea; negotiated with Rome ; and finally became a convert, and forced his people to become converts, to the faith of the orthodox Eastern Church. His son, Simian, another of the national legendary heroes, made war against the Greek Empire ; besieged Constantinople with his armies, and actually captured Adrianople; and assumed the proud title of Czar of the Bulgarians, and Autocrat of the Greeks.


Later on, the Russians invaded Bulgaria for the first time; and in order to repel the invaders, the then Czar, Simian, had to call in the aid of the Greek Emperor, who, in return, deposed him from his throne, and converted Bulgaria into a province of the empire. Again, some two centuries after the overthrow of the Boris dynasty, a Bulgarian of the name of Asen induced his fellow-countrymen to rise in insurrection against the tyranny of Constantinople, and declared himself the Czar of Bulgaria. The story of the Asen dynasty, in as far as it is known, is one of continued warfare, waged with fluctuating fortunes against the Greek Empire.


The only difference between the dynasties of Boris and of the Aseni is that, while both were always at war with their neighbours, and always sided with one or the other of the Powers who were engaged in breaking up the Byzantine Empire, the latter dynasty devoted great energy to the development of its own dominions. Asen and his successors established industries, encouraged trade, availed themselves of foreign teachers in arts and commerce, and succeeded for a brief period in making Bulgaria a prosperous and progressive country.


Golden Age of Bulgaria


After this, the Golden Age of Bulgaria, the country fell for a time under the sway of Servia. Finally, at the close of the fourteenth century, the Turks made their appearance on the scene. From that time till the other day Bulgaria remained a province of European Turkey. Such, in the shadowest of outlines, is the general history of the State which, within the last twenty years, has recovered its national existence.


 

Friday, March 6, 2020

The Turkish homes

Marmora ideal for yachting


Our stay in Prinkipo turned out to be one of the most pleasant summer vacations I ever had. I would go to town to attend business regularly, but would take long weekends off; that is, I would do as most business men do in summer and would stay home Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays. We would then go bathing in the mornings, and play tennis or go out sailing in the afternoons. The Sea of Marmora is ideal for yachting, and numerous are the sailing yachts which use Prinkipo as their port. Of course the fact that we usually used Turkish yachts would somewhat hamper our movements, as boats flying the Turkish flags were not allowed to go anywhere near the Anatolian shores, the Internalized authorities enforcing at that time a strict blockade of the Nationalists.


Often there would be tea parties or informal after dinner gatherings in the Turkish homes. And while these were small, unpretentious affairs the Turks cannot afford to entertain elaborately on account of their precarious means  they were a most pleasant manner of passing away the time. There was always someone interesting at these gatherings. A man or a woman of prominence who would give to us a new point of view or some insight into the general situation.


Once an Egyptian princess told us of the difference in the progress accomplished by the Turks and by their cousins of Egypt in the last years. How, despite the fact that the Turks had been hampered by political circumstances while the Egyptians had had the supposed benefit of British help, Turkish women now enjoyed a much larger political and social freedom than Egyptian women, and public education had spread more generally in Turkey than in Egypt.


Sultan Abdul Hamid


Another time the director of the Turkish Naval Academy in Halki told us how he had taken advantage of the temporarily complete independence of Turkey during the war to make of his school one of the most progressive and up-to-date naval academies in the world how since the armistice he was meeting seemingly insurmountable difficulties in protecting his school from the process of disintegration systematically applied by the Allies to everything Turkish in Constantinople.


Another time Zia Pasha, former Turkish Ambassador in Washington, told us how for years Sultan Abdul Hamid succeeded in keeping his Empire intact by playing the greedy ambitions of one western nation against that of the other. Once again Reshid Pasha, the Turkish diplomat who negotiated all the peace treaties made by Turkey in recent years up to but excluding the Treaty of Sevres told us of his experiences at the London Peace Conference following the Balkan War.

Thursday, March 5, 2020

Kara George would have been completely successful

Immediately connected with this, was the second resolution ; which involved a complete reformation of the Senate. Its judicial and administrative functions were separated. For the former, a Supreme Court of Justice was instituted, to be composed of the less important Sowietniks ; the latter, on the contrary, were to be entrusted to the most influential men, in the form of a Ministry.


They were to be designated Administrators   Popet  schiteli: the first, of “War; the second, of Justice; the third, of Foreign Affairs ; and so on for Ecclesiastical Affairs, the Home Department, and Finance. The intention was that, besides Mladen, Knes Sima Markowitsch, and Dosithei Obradowitsch, who were all declared adherents of Kara George, Jacob Xena  dowitsch, Milenko, and Peter Dobrinjaz, should also be employed in these Ministerial duties.


By thq first resolution, the greater part of the power which the Gospodars had hitherto held was taken from them : they were disengaged, as it were, from their respec tive districts. By the second, an office was found for them beyond the influence of their former relations : an office which, in fact, left them little independent power; as the chief appointment  the Ministry of War was placed in the hands of Mladen. Ilad they assented to this, Kara George would have been completely successful. Precau tionary measures, however, had been taken, in the event of their non compliance: a la^v had been passed in the Diet, that resistance to these resolutions should be punished by exile.


All this having been concluded, the Commander  in chief made the Woiwodes swear that they would obey him; and only him. At his command they then separated, and each at once repaired to his own district.


Such was the state of affairs, when Milenko and Peter, accompanied by the Russian regiment, at length arrived at Belgrade. Unquestionably they were still in a position to offer resistance. Could they but continue united, their combined authority would yet be of great weight. On their side was the Ileyduc Weliko, to whom all rule was irksome; and who, since the preceding year, had held himself in a position of obstinate isolation. So many complaints, of acts of violence and manifold crimes committed by him, had been brought before the Diet of that year, that it was intended to imprison him in some fortress. He assembled his Momkes, and said: “ When I came here, 1 thought I should bo asked how many wounds I had received ? how many brave companions I had lost ? how many horses had been killed under me?


But they ask   how many girls I have kissed! Come ! let us depart.” lie now appeared by the side of the other Gospodars at Belgrade, with seventy resolute com panions  Bekjares, so far as they were paid by him ; Momkes, so far as they were bound to him by personal obligations   who were ready for any enterprise. The Gospodars had also a strong faction in the town; and were altogether in a position to undertake something serious. But already was their unity destroyed and their power lessened by several losses.


Milan, on whom they could reckon unconditionally, had fallen ill at Bucharest, not long after Lasar Woinowitsch had returned to him, and he died on the last day of the year 1810. It was asserted by some that he had been removed by poison. But what to them was of greater importance, Jacob Nenadowitscli had now other views : he determined to fill his place in the Senate. Having married his son Efrem to the daughter of Mladen, and joined himself entirely to the party of Kara George ; instead of coming with a numerous troop, he appeared at Belgrade in his sledge, accompanied only by two Momkes. Thus Peter and Milenko alone remained with Weliko.

Wednesday, March 4, 2020

This story is the mythological cause of Trojan Wars

Aphrodite: Goddess of beauty and love. She was born of the sea foams arose over the sea waves from the blood and flesh weep­ing from the testicles of Cronus. She has two characteristics:



  • Aphrodite Urania; goddess of pure love.

  • Aphrodite Pandemos; goddess of prostitution.


Aphrodite is Hephaistos’s wife and this man is a blacksmith and worker lame god. Ares is her greatest love. Aphrodite is al­ways portrayed as being nude. She did not intend to hide her beauty. Pigeon, dove and rose are her symbols.


A legend; While gods and goddesses are sitting and chatting on the Mount Ida (Kaz Mountains) and drinking their nectars on the other hand, a debate over the most beautiful goddess comes up. Is it Zeus’ wife Hera or his daughter Athena or Aphrodite? After the debate three of them take it personally. None of the gods standing there dares to speak his mind. All of a sudden they find themselves in an uneasy atmosphere. Taking the advantage of this commotion, Eris throws an apple with an inscription “To the most beautiful Goddess” on it.


Three goddesses reach for the apple. They fight like cat and dog. There is an unbearable noise now. Zeus interferes in the dis­pute involuntarily and He refrains from giving a decision due to his relation with three goddesses.


“Goddesses” says Zeus. “I love three of you equally. I assign Paris, a shepherd on the Mount Ida, as the arbitrator. Go and find him!.. Settle this matter!..”


Guided by Hermes three goddesses set forth to find Paris. Hermes relates the facts to Paris. Paris scans three goddesses from head to foot. What crossing his mind cannot be known but he is also not able to give judgment. Noticing this situation the goddesses go ahead to make promises to Paris.


Hera:


“Look, you handsome guy” says, “If you give me the apple, I will make you the strongest mortal of the entire world.


Aphrodite:


“Look, you beautiful guy” says, “If you give me the apple, I will give you the most beautiful mortal woman of the world.”


Athena:


“Look, you brave guy” says, “if you give me the apple, I will make you the strongest warrior of the world.”


Confused with such charming promises, Paris submits the apple to Aphrodite who made the promise of “the most beautiful woman”. Thus, Aphrodite becomes the goddess of beauty.


The first beauty contest was held on the Mount Katz (Ida).


Aphrodite keeps her promise and submits the Spartan King Agamemnon’ wife beautiful Helena to Paris.

Monday, March 2, 2020

Women of Bulgaria are very feminine

Bulgarian Brides: Beautiful And Family-Oriented


Bulgaria is a country famous in Europe for its roses, and in the whole world – for its beautiful women. There are many singles who become mail-order brides to marry a foreigner. These ladies are different from the Slavic brides, but still very charming and pretty. The exotic beauty of Bulgarian mail-order brides attracts men from all over the world and makes these women desirable.


Bulgarian women are beautiful


You can’t argue about it, it’s a fact. Ladies from Bulgaria are attractive indeed. They have so beautiful hair, a nice skin, that is usually tanned, and dark eyes. In fact, they somehow remind you the Latina women, but the fact that they are from Eastern Europe, actually, makes them very unusual.


What is so special about Bulgarian ladies?


There is a couple of things that not every man knows about the Bulgarian ladies, being not very familiar with the special features of their appearance. So, here is this short list.


Bulgarian women are usually tall.


They are fit but curvy.


Bulgarian brides carefully look after their bodies and do a lot to stay beautiful.


Should you consider Bulgarian woman a good choice for a mail-order bride?


If you want your wife to be beautiful, and your friends to be jealous of the pretty woman that you got, you can marry a Bulgarian bride with no doubts! The ladies here are extremely nice and unusual, and you would be lucky to have such a woman by your side. Besides, these ladies have a lot more than just their beauty, so they make really good wives.


Bulgarian women are exotic


We have already compared their appearances to the Latina women as it is the first thing that actually springs to your mind when you see a Bulgarian lady. The long dark hair, the curvy body, and the tanned skin make her look stunning. Maybe it’s the tender, but hot Bulgarian sun that raises the women here in such a beauty. Whatever the secret, local singles are wonderful.


There is nothing more attractive than a woman who dresses and behaves like a woman. You will be delighted with the feminine manners of a Bulgarian woman. She will make you feel as like you are talking to a real queen. Femininity is a big part of a woman’s beauty, and Bulgarian brides know it well.


Bulgarian Woman Dating – Give It a Try!


Bulgarian women are okay with long-distance relationships


Women from Bulgaria who register on the dating sites and become mail-order brides know what they do it for. They understand all the difficulties of dating on the distance and the obstacles that may occur during them dating a foreigner. Yet Bulgarian brides are ready to handle it in sake of love.

Sunday, March 1, 2020

The importance of the Bulgarian alphabet

Another significant quality of the Old Bulgarian language and the literature of the early medieval period is their closeness to the language spoken by the people. There is no similar closeness between the spoken and the written languages in Byzantium. The situation in Central and Western Europe, where Latin stayed in the church, science and state offices but where, in all other domains, it was replaced by the evolving national languages, was comparable. Thus the artificial literary languages remained without any chance of new, live additions, which was characteristic of the official language spoken by the Bulgarians.


Sometimes the question is posed, and not without reason as to whether the design of the Old Bulgarian script did not distance the country from Latin-writing Europe. The danger that the use of one universal script will hamper the development of the unique national cultures is not valid. The Western Slavs, the peoples of the Germanic and the Romance groups did not lose their cultural individuality until the use of the national languages was established in Europe. The initial universal period left the common core and the closeness of culture which clearly separates the Catholic-Protestant Latin-writing community from the Slavonic-Byzantine community in the East. Yet, the union of Bulgarian culture with the sphere of Byzantine Greek-writing culture was inevitable. At the time of the cultural and state stabilisation of the Bulgarians on the Danube, Byzantium was the leading factor. Bulgaria borrowed from the cultural treasury of Byzantium but also preserved the borrowings in its language using its own code, thus preventing the otherwise unavoidable Greek assimilation, which would have had a greater impact than the moderate Latin assimilation in the West.


The changes in the language of the Bulgarians can be seen during the whole medieval period of the state. It is the natural development bulgaria trips of a living literary language, which develops in synchrony with the phonetic and the morphological changes of its spoken form.


According to written sources, Slavonic peoples from Central, Southeastern and Eastern Europe understood each other until the 11th century irrespective of the foreseeable specificity of the tongues. The lack of Bulgarian state organs with normative functions and of written correspondence in the 15th- 19th centuries caused chaotic change stimulated by the Bulgarians’ inner linguistic feeling, which distanced the Modern Bulgarian language from the other Slavonic languages in the following ways:


– Bulgarian is the only language in the Slavonic group which has a post-positioned definite article with nouns, adjectives, numerals, pronouns and participles;


– Bulgarian is the only language in the Slavonic group which has remained analytical – it has no inflections and cases, only nominative, vocative and, rarely, accusative;


– Bulgarian is the only language in the Slavonic group which forms the comparative and superlative degrees of adjectives, of some nouns and verbs with the particles “po” [more] and “nai” [most];


– Bulgarian is the only language in the Slavonic group which has the so-called dual personal pronoun;


– Bulgarian is the only language in the Slavonic group which lacks the non-finite mood (infinitive).


The importance of the Bulgarian Cyrillic alphabet is marked not only by its place in the spiritual space of medieval Europe, together with the Greek and Latin scripts, but also by its introduction into the system of the European Union (with Bulgaria’s imminent accession).