Bulgarians first contact with the Balkan Peninsula

Still farther west, four other cultural-historical zones have been confirmed. The lands, which the settling Bulgarians turned into their new homeland, are consistent with the distinctive Bulgarian environment. In the post-Kubrat period of Old Great Bulgaria, the Bulgarians of Kan Asparuh, the heir of the ancient rulers’ dynasty of Dulo, conquered the lands to the south of the Dnepar River and in the east part of the Balkan Peninsula between Lower Danube, the Balkan Range and the Black Sea. They transferred the centre of the state to Lower Moesia and established the so-called Danube Bulgaria. It was the one, which made real the most essential achievements during the later development of the Bulgarian civilization.

The large literary source Deeds of St Dimitar Solunski, speaks of the settling of Bulgarians in the region of the “Keramisia Field” (present Bitola Field) in the 670s, i.e. in present-day Republic of Macedonia. The Panonian Bulgarians lived and fortified themselves in the plains of present-day Hungary, along the Tisa River and in the Carpathian foothills. Bulgarian warriors and their families settled in the Italian Peninsula between the mountains and the sea, to the east of the Apennines and along the Adriatic coast in the region of Benevento. In a short period they turned the area from a desolate to a blessed land.

The Bulgarians’ first contact with the Balkan Peninsula is dated to the end of the 5th and the beginning of the 6th centuries. They settled gradually in the regions of the former Roman provinces of Moesia, Dacia and Macedonia. The territories had suffered invasions of the Barbarians in the 3rd—5th centuries but the Bulgarians revived them, bringing economic, political and cultural prosperity. The following expressive statement refers to such a prospering country:

“They say that the land of Alexandaros Ogal Sosmanoz [Tsar Yoan Shishman (1371—1395)], son of Alexandar [Tsar Yoan Alexandar (1331—1371)], is on the bank of the river Tuna [Danube] and belongs to the region of Edirne [Odrin]…

It [the land of the Bulgarians] was a very fertile region. It exported honey, butter and sheep across the world. In general, there were all kinds of goods in it, more than in other regions.”

From Book of Description of the World by Mehmed Neshri. Translated by I. Tataria. Kitab-I Gihan numa, Mehmed Nesri, Ankara, 1949, pp. 244-245.

The medieval Bulgarian state in Southeastern Europe occupied the lands to the south of the Balkan Mountains in the direction of Constantinople. The dream of conquering the Byzantine metropolis was alive until the death of Tsar Simeon I the Great (893-927). The policy of inhabiting the lands in the south-southwest turned out however to be more productive. The territories south of the Rhodope Mountains to the Aegean Sea and in the west to Morava River, present-day Macedonia and parts of Northern Thessaly, Albania, Kosovo were joined at the time of Kan Presian (836-852). These regions and the whole of Moesia and Thrace formed the historical ethnic-cultural space of the Bulgarians in Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages.

On tills point, Jugowitsch had many stories in readiness. He stated that, of two deputies who had come from Constantinople under pretence of making proposals for peace, and who had been ordered to return, one, named Nicolaus, had nevertheless remained at Belgrade, and entered into the service of Leonti; and that the Metropolitan had, even in the depth of winter, set out in his company, under the pretext of collecting his Dimnitza, but in reality to excite the multitude against their chiefs. Leonti, he said, had asked the people, “ why they fought for their chiefs   for men whose design it was first to enrich themselves, and then to flee with their riches, and to give the peasants up to the Turks ? It would be better for them to submit to the Turks at once.” It could not be believed, added Jugowitsch, but that there was an understanding between Leonti and Rodofmikm; else why should the latter, when new ambassadors from Constantinople appeared in the Kraina, have contrived to be commissioned to negotiate with them himself ? He had gone to meet them accom-panied by Leonti and Nicolaus 3 but no negotiation whatever had been brought under discussion. Secret designs had been there agreed upon, whilst the parties were standing conversing, two and two, together.

On these representations, Kara George considered it almost as a duty he owed to his country to assert his own personal authority   for what event could have been more pernicious to the country than its falling under the rapacious domination of the Fanariotes ? Without delay, he banished Nicolaus; and Leonti also was made to feel his displeasure, lie took especial care, too   in order to prevent an influence of so dangerous a nature from acquiring a preponderance in the Senate   that his two friends should resume their seats in that assembly. And no one ventured to oppose him. Mladen, it is true, visited the Sessions only now and then; yet he enjoyed greater influence, and was more feared than ever.

Such manifold oppositions of the civil administration to the military chiefs, and of the Gospodars to the commander-in-chief, together with disputes concerning internal and external relations, disturbed this government, even at the commencement of its formation: yet they were unable to destroy its unity.

This was sustained by the authority of the Commander in chief: which, though unquestionably much restricted, already extended over all parts of the country; had the preponderance in the Skupschtina, and could influence the decisions of the Senate. Victorious success in arms had laid the foundation of this authority: but, without great tact and natural talent, it could not have been preserved in its integrity. Kara George will be ever memorable, not only as having led the insurrection against the Turks, but also as the founder of a comprehensive national authority throughout the country, lie well deserved to be regarded as the chief of the nation. Let us pause a moment, to consider his history and character, manners and personal appearance.

But George remained inexorable, llis father was at last equally resolved: “Go, then, over alone:” He said, “ I remain in this country.” 1 How!” replied Kara George, “shall 1 live to see thee slowly tortured to death by the Turks ? It is better that I should kill thee myself on the spot!” Then seizing a pistol, he instantly shot his father, and ordered one of his companions to give the death-blow to the old man, who was writhing in agony. In the next village, Kara said to the people, “ Get the old man who lies yonder buried for me, and drink also for his soul at a funeral feast.” Kor that pur-pose he made them a present of the cattle which he had with him, and then crossed the Save.

This deed, which was the first indication of his character, threw him out of the common course. He returned to his own district, with the rank of serjeant, in the corps of volunteers; but, believing himself unjustly passed over at a distribution of medals, he retired into the mountains as a lleyduc. However, he became reconciled in this matter with his colonel, Mihaljewitseh; went with him after the peace to Austria; and was made “ forest- keeper” in the cloister of Kruschedol. But he did not rest satisfied in Austria ; and as, under Hadschi Mustafa, he had nothing to fear in Servia, he returned thither, and from that time followed his business   that of a dealer in swine. The outrages of the Dahis hurried him into the movements in which lie was destined to perform so important a part.

Kara George was a very extraordinary man. He would sit for days together without uttering a word, biting his nails. At times, when addressed, he would turn his head aside and not answer. When he had taken wine, he became talkative; and if in a cheerful mood, he would perhaps lead off a Ivolo-dance.*

That the Sultan should grant all that the Servians had demanded

Princes have ever sought the Tmpathy and cooperation of the common people as their best aid, when engaged in a contest with those classes of their subjects who have grown too powerful through the exercise of exclusive privileges.

It was unfortunate for Selim and the Turkish Empire that he could not thus act: his position would not allow him so to do.

Unlike any other prince, all of whose subjects belong to him equally, he was the head of the Mussulmans before all others.

For, as has been shown, the Turkish Empire is based not on an union and amalgamation of different elements, but on the opposing forces of two distinct populations; one destined to command, the other to obey.

That the Raja, whose part it was to serve, should arm themselves and thus assume an equality with the followers of the dominant religion, was intolerable to the Mussulmans of both parties  the reformers, as well as those who adhered to the old system; and it was also contrary to the fundamental laws of the country: to the very nature of the Caliphate, and to the supreme authority itself.

AVe have seen that it was alleged against Hadsclii Mustafa as a crime, that he had led the Servians against Passwan Oglu. On the difference between the Faithful and the Infidels rested that Fetwa of the Mufti, by which the re-admission of the Janissaries into Belgrade was decided. Nothing made so strong an impression on the otherwise peaceful Turks as the banner of the Heyduc, and the artil-lery carried by the Raja.

That the Sultan should grant all that the Servians had demanded at Ostruschniza, was not to be expected. He was justified in refusing to consign to their keeping the fortresses on the frontiers. Other grants, however, tending to place them and their property in greater security, were unquestionably due to them. Nor could the Sultan condemn them for having taken up arms in his behalf, since he had thus been freed from an usurpation most dangerous to his authority.

Yet, great as was the contradiction involved in this course, Selim III. nevertheless adopted it.

He seemed to consider the Servians in the light of evil-doers, and rebels against his authority ; and instead of any answer to their claims, lie placed their deputies under arrest, and issued an order to Alis, the Pacha of Nisch, to disarm the Baja.

This hostility to the Servians, treatment altogether different in character from any they had before experienced from the Turks, and originating with the Grand Signior himself,  met with the approval of the Mussulmans, and was energetically pursued.

10 Ways to Instill a Love of Reading in Your Child

 

Teaching a child to read is one of the most important skills you can give them. Good readers excel at life, and conversely those that can’t read end up in dire circumstances. But being able to read and reading well begin with a love of reading. After all, those things we do well we usually also really enjoy, because we’ve put in the time to get better. Here’s how parents can help their children start down the right path to joy and success in life, as well as a world of adventure and knowledge in reading:

1. Start at the very beginning. Begin reading to your child the same week they are born. I know you’ve got a lot going on and you’re not sleeping, but setting up a regular bedtime routine and reading to your infant can help them relax and settle into family life, and life in general. You may also find that enjoying a board book or two helps you relax in the evening.


2. Put books around the house. All kinds, and keep them within easy reach of small people’s hands. My precious art books are on a higher shelf, as is Patti Smith’s Just Kids and Roots — not necessary reading for elementary age children. However, my Renoir coffee table book and the half dozen versions of Alice in Wonderland all hang out around eye level. There are bookshelves in every child’s bedroom, filled with classics, my favorites and many they have chosen themselves. We buy used both online and in bookshops, and happily accept hand-me-downs.


3. Be a reader to grow a reader. Especially when they are young (and oh so impressionable) your child will value what you value. If you place importance on the frequency and pleasure of reading, voilá you have a child who loves to read. It might take just a little bit more than that, but not much…


4. Take your kids to the local library’s storytimes. Most libraries have several different storytimes, specially programmed for different age groups. Baby storytimes are great because the children’s librarian will have activities that are great for fine motor skills and print awareness. Remember, it’s never too early to start an appreciation for reading and besides, it gets you out of the house and meeting other parents.


5. You can learn a lot from a librarian, and then pass it on. All public librarians have a master’s degree in library science. They have been trained and educated to understand people’s research and reading needs and children’s librarians are familiar with child development, current trends in children’s literature and the educational needs of young people. They are also caring, invested members of your community and want to see your child grow and learn and thrive.


6. Put limits on screen time. What those limits are depend on what’s best for you, your child and your family. In limiting screen time, you make it necessary for the child to problem solve and find something else do to. They’ll need to exercise their bodies, minds and creative skills. Your child may not automatically pick up a book and spend the whole afternoon reading, but by limiting their time gazing at a screen, they will have developed the ability to concentrate on words on a page — vital for healthy brain development.


7. Make storytime non-negotiable. We read every night. Occasionally we might miss out for something really special, like staying up late for fireworks on the 4th of July, but that’s only once a year.


8. As soon as they can write their name, get a library card. It will give your child access, ownership and ability. The confidence a preschooler will gain by choosing a book and then going to check it out all by themselves is priceless…not to mention precious to observe.


9. Let them choose — most of the time. There’s only so many Equestria Girls chapter books I can endure. When it comes to reading chapter books for the next one or two weeks, we take turns. There was Charlotte’s Web and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, and then I had to give in and allow for a My Little Pony Cutie Mark Crusaders chapter book, as demanded by my first graders. My fifth grader and I just finished The Graveyard Book by Neil Gaiman (my choice) and before that, we read Bluestar’s Prophecy which is one of the Warriors series’ super editions by Erin Hunter. It features fearsome wild felines living and dying and doing amazing things (her choice).


10. Encourage your child to go to their school’s library. The more libraries involved in a child’s life, the merrier. If your child goes to the library regularly with their class, ask to see the book they are reading, discuss it, ask if they are enjoying it. Remind them to bring it back to the school library and get a new one. If there is no library at your child’s school, put aside your nostalgic frustration, and help your community bring back the School Library. It’s an important resource for teachers, parents and students.

Though parenting is a big and important job, don’t let it be an overly serious one. Remember that with anything that anyone loves in life, it should be enjoyable. Read to your child, listen to your child read, talk with them about what they read and fall in love with them even more as they fall in love with reading.

The female founders of Bulgaria

“Compared to other industries, the tech sector is still relatively young and doesn’t carry the burden of legacy traditions. In my experience, it is not gender-biased, but instead, it’s merit-driven, focused on one’s own capabilities,” Alexandra Mechkova, CEO of Telerik Academy, says. Mechkova comes from a liberal arts education and marketing background and has no formal education in technology, yet she has been working in the IT sector for close to 15 years and now leads the private tech talent academy.

There are many numbers regarding women in tech, engineering, and startup sector one could quote depending on their hypothesis. We chose one that has representativeness – women accounted for 26.5 % of ICT specialists in Bulgaria in 2017. This is the highest score across the EU. We found another interesting piece of data as well: only 2% of the companies are founded entirely by women, and 20% have a female co-founder, stats the latest report by EDIT.  Our observation, however not backed by any data, is that women are rather the business development engines in tech companies, regardless of the fact that some of them come from engineering backgrounds and others did not have any technology experience in previous careers.

“I think that the tech industry needs to diversify the ways software is being developed. Nowadays we are so dependent on technology that it’s truly important to involve as many different points of view as possible”, Sophia Lyateva, Women Techmakers Lead, says. She comes from a PR and communications background but got excited by the tech sphere some five years ago.

Yes, there’s no data on how many women are indeed working in the tech and startup sphere, but we collected as many stories as possible. Below you can find 42 stories of female founders, investors, community builders, and leaders.

“Very often, not always, of course, ventures started by women have a social impact element”, says Maya Zlatanova, founder of FindMeCure, an online platform allowing everyone struggling with a medical condition to access treatments in development. Alongside with her two mail cofounders, one of them – her husband, Zlatanova trying to attract $420K funding, get accepted in Techstars Accelerator in London, and helped over 2K patients to find treatments. “I indeed think it all about the skills, experience, and patience, and has nothing to do with gender nowadays. Generally, I don’t like speaking of female founders and male founders – the more we diversify by gender, the more one looks like an exception”, Zlatanova says.

“For me, it all started as a cause and the tech and business model came later”, Iva Gumnishka, founder of Human in the Loop, shares. Her company provides training and testing data for machine learning solutions. The special thing about it is the fact that it actually trains refugees to process the data. “Even though I am a woman, young and had nothing to do with technologies before I started my company, I’ve never experienced disrespect and I’ve already worked with most of the IT companies in Bulgaria”, says Gumnishka. According to her, there are enough female founders and role models in Bulgaria to look up to.

After a cancer diagnosis, Boryana Gerasimova changed her career path – from IT specialist to co-found her first healthcare startup NutriGen. She is now running her second venture – Re: Gena, another personalized medicine company, targeting early prevention of lifestyle-related diseases.  Gergana Stancheva and Angela Ivanova have developed a biodegradable laminating film to make the printing industry more eco-friendly. Their company Lam’on is already testing the product and has its pilot clients. Lubomila Jordanova started Plan A, a data-driven platform that contributes to the fight against climate change. Six years ago, together with four other male enthusiasts, Rositsa Mitova started Farmhopping, an online market for farm products that already works with over a hundred Bulgarian farms.

Rabelais and Marguerite de Navare and Antoine

France

There are probably more short stories, as there is assuredly a longer and more continuous development of the form, in the French than in any other literature of the world. In the earliest efforts of native writers, long before the close of the Middle Ages, are to be found the seeds of those lively and often beautiful forms that flourished from the Twelfth to the Sixteenth Centuries—Fabliaux, Lays, devotional and miraculous tales.

From the epic Chansons de geste, beginning with the Song of Roland, throughout the whole period in which these remarkable poems thrived, the trouv’eres and troubadours incorporated independent and unified anecdotes and episodes into their long romances of chivalry and gallantry. These were in effect romantic and religious stories, treating of war and love and wonder and pious devotion.

But the earliest examples of independent tales are found in the Fabliaux. Although these were written in verse, they were the delight of the middle and lower classes: the verse was scarcely poetry, it was only a medium for the telling of the story. Of the hundred and fifty examples that survive out of the many thousands written, the first Fabliau dates from 1159, and the last from 1340.

Divided Horsecloth

Most of them were anonymous, but among the few names of writers that have come down to us is that of Bernier, which is still remembered, because he wrote the exquisite Divided Horsecloth. The famous poet Ruteboeuf also wrote Fabliaux, but he is better known for his other productions.

For several reasons still a matter of dispute among literary historians the Fabliau suddenly disappeared about the middle of the Fourteenth Century. The other more or less’ similar forms like the Lay, the Miracle and the Devotional Tale still continued sporadically up to the end of the Middle Ages.

The trouv’eres and troubadours and minstrels who went over into Sicily and Italy and were instrumental in establishing there a verna­cular literature, took with them their stories, which reappeared in prose form and in a more skilful guise some centuries later in the work of Boccaccio and his followers. Many of them were again treated by later French writers, Rabelais and Marguerite de Navare and Antoine de Saintrd, editor of the French Hundred New Tales. Rabelais was followed by imitators, like Noel du Fail, Bonaventure des Pdriers and Bdroalde de Verville, all of whom added their share to the de­velopment of the story form.

Information: https://bulgaria.doholiday.com/the-divided-horsecloth-part-1/

Simply Split The Bill

The intercourse timing thing is a toss up… I’ve seen it go both methods… I think it’s more about how somebody acts extra so than the precise timing, or how nicely you recognize the individual… I’ve identified my husband since highschool (did not date, simply had mutual mates), so I def wasn’t a stranger… however  contemplating he was a player all through high school school and wasn’t huge on  girlfriends, I slept with him the primary bulgarian girls evening we frolicked as a result of I had no expectations… however, it’s been 8 years and 3 years of marriage and he could not stay away ;-)… I might say for those who JUST met a guy, sex right away does ship a sure message and he can draw conclusions about how you’re normally before attending to know you.

Avoid the pitfall: If it is a first date, let them know that you simply’d really wish to treat her. Clarify that you simply’re completely prepared to go dutch in your subsequent date, however since they agreed to spend her night with you, you’d like to get this one. If they are really insistent, don’t bulgaria women be weird about it. Simply split the bill. It’s not a check. They just needs to be equals and set up boundaries. And keep in mind, simply because you purchase dinner does not, in any manner, imply a person owes you something; not a hug, a kiss, or intercourse.

Change into the guy who provides them the explanation by subscribing to your local Time Out” journal, or repeatedly scanning the native blogosphere for what’s new in your metropolis, town or group. Women tend to be a lot better bulgarian girl at reading an individual’s vitality” than most males. That signifies that they’ll generally pick up on if you happen to’re into them earlier than you notice you are giving them any indicators.

Deciding Upon Immediate Secrets Of bulgarian women

I guess every little thing got here to a head and we had a huge struggle a couple of weeks ago (alcohol fueled, he got here house drunk and missed our date evening so sort of stood me up) and in the talks following it I principally said that I couldn’t spend our whole marriage like this so some compromise must be agreed, he stated he realized that there was a giant drawback. We plunged into the problems and it came out that he had been with holding sex as a strategy bulgarian women to punish me for my ‘anger in direction of him’. I actually did not have any anger in the direction of him, dissatisfied acceptance however not anger. In the weeks main up to this I hadn’t mentioned it, acted upon it just received on with it. I do have BPD and Bipolar 2 so the one conclusion I can draw is that he is punishing me for the cycles I go by mentally, which I really feel is unfair. ( He knew I had these circumstances once we first received together).

5. Fall off the face of the earth, let her chase you and ask you the place have you ever been? When she asks the place you will have been, you reply Just hanging out, I have a lot going on.” You’re just saying to her- you aren’t bulgarian girl spending your time ready for her to make a move. Then it shows her you have got extra essential things going on apart from chasing a woman who doesn’t want you.

It can be easy to make your takeaway from a date all about the other particular person — Did they like you? Does she wish to see you once more? — but do not. That is as much about whether you want her as whether she likes you. Follow your feeling. Did you simply feel slightly bored? Did they interrupt an excessive amount of? Did you hate the way in which she kisses? Do you simply not want to see her once bulgarian women more? Do not see her again. Can’t stop occupied with their mouth? Cannot cease thinking about their mind? Apprehensive it was awkward but you nearly do not care ‘trigger you have been so intrigued? Say you had a good time and need to see her once more and see what occurs.

Nonetheless, if she does not reply either of these texts, drop your efforts, hold some dignity in the intervening time, and put her number in the will attempt again bulgarian girls some other time” bin. In her thoughts, a boring textual content = a boring guy. If you ship her something uncreative like that, you’re taking an unnecessary danger by jeopardizing her curiosity.

Painless Solutions For bulgaria women – The Options

The social arts is really a collection of various social abilities rolled up and bundled collectively in a single massive hodgepodge of stuff helpful for getting success with women. And certainly one of these many skills you will bulgarian girls discover you will need to work on that proves completely very important to your success is text messaging and the way to textual content a girl.

While many of us dream of our companions being so attuned to us that they’ll just inform I want them,” more often than not our apparent” indicators are usually not so obvious. Have a dialog bulgarian brides with your associate about cues, verbal and nonverbal, that you can depend on and stay up for.

What not to do on a first date? Comment on their appetite! Whether your date isn’t eating a lot – or they’re consuming a lot – I can guarantee bulgarian girls that they do not need you to make conversation about it. By all means verify that they like the food, however don’t go beyond that.