Black Sea coast Bulgarian

Under Omurtag (814 831, the southern Black Sea coast up to Debelt was recognized as Bulgarian. That happened in 815 with the signing of the 30-year peace treaty with Byzantium. The success of the Black Sea direction of Bulgarian policy was thus legalized.

After the stabilization of the seaside border up to Mount Strandzha, Kan Omurtag maintained the other important orientation of his foreign policy the orientation, started by Kan Krum, to the northwest towards the Slavs on the banks of Middle Danube, who were separated from Bulgaria by the Empire of the Franks. This is how the contemporaries perceived it (according to the so-called Fulden Chronicles — The Life of Charlemagne by Einhard):

In 827, “the Bulgarians sent troops in ships up the River Drava, plundered and burnt the land of the Slavs inhabiting Pannonia, drove away their kings and appointed Bulgarian governors”; in 829, “again the Bulgarians came in ships up the Drava, destroyed by fire some of our settlements near the river”.

The Bulgarian “admiralty” of the period is no doubt located in and identified with the powerful island fortress and port of modem Romanian Pakuiullui Soare Island that is about 20 kilometers to the east of the Bulgarian fortress and port of Drustar (present Silistra). To this very day one can see the deep traces in the stone blocks of the quays on the island, left by the ropes with which they moored the ships.

Lower Danube

The building of this fortress harbor as an “admiralty” is due to its exceptional political and military strategic location on Lower Danube as an internal Bulgarian river. Drustar fortress harbor secured and protected the direct connections of the capital Pliska, and later of Preslav to the Bulgarian lands to the north of the Danube, which stretched to the Carpathians.

In addition, together with Drustar, this island fortress harbor controlled the trade along the Danube and advantageously blocked the invasions of enemy (mainly Byzantine) fleets trying to penetrate into the Danube from the Black Sea. That was done actively with ships and passively by means of long chains lowered in the water, which connected the two riverbanks.

Kaliakra was another important fortress harbor on the north Black Sea coast of Bulgaria during the 7th-8th-10th- 11th centuries. There the continuity between the Late Antiquity of Byzantium and the early medieval period of Bulgaria is documented excellently. This fortress harbor played an extremely important military strategic and overseas trade role for the Bulgarian state with its strong walls, first-rate harbor area and numerous all-purpose ships.

Source Link: Black Sea coast Bulgarian

A Girl From Russia

Intelligence

There is so much said about the beauty of Russian girls, but

it is impossible to talk about dating a girl from Russia without mentioning how

intelligent they are. Most Russian girls get a very good education, which gives

them not only career opportunities, but also a well-rounded outlook on life.

From a young age, a Russian girl grows up with a love of

books, and this love does not go anywhere as she becomes older. Russian girls

are always looking for new ways to learn and can surprise you with their range

of interests.

The incredible intelligence of Russian ladies means that you

will not only easily find things to talk about on a date, but also successfully

introduce her into even the most high-brow circle. She will never embarrass

you, charming everyone with her wit and depth instead.

Straightforwardness

If you are used to Western girls being very secretive and

never telling it like it is, you are probably wondering: how to date a Russian

girl? We are happy to tell you that the directness of Russian girls is one of

the biggest reasons why they make such great girlfriends.

Girls in Russia learn to be very direct early in life, but

they only use this trait for good causes. Your Russian girlfriend will never

complain and demand things just because she is in a bad mood — her remarks are

always well-grounded and fair.

You may not be used to this kind of straightforwardness in a

relationship, but soon you will see that it’s a much better way to live. When

someone in a relationship is unhappy about something, it’s healthier to discuss

it right away than to accumulate anger and resentment.

Passion

Often in the media, girls from Russia are portrayed as cold

and indifferent, which is not only untrue, but also unfair. Those who have had

the pleasure to date Russian girls say that there is no one more loving and

tender than a Russian girlfriend.

However, you shouldn’t expect a girl from Russia to jump

into your open arms immediately after meeting you. Due to their upbringing and

past dating experiences, Russian girls need to get to know their man before

they can open up to him.

Once that happens, you will never feel unloved in this

relationship. When she knows you have serious intentions and are in for a long

run, your Russian girlfriend will finally reveal all the passion and fire that

has been flaring up in her soul for years.

Loyalty

When entering a relationship with a man, a girl from Russia

is not just looking for a fling — she wants to find a partner. If you are ready

to become a faithful partner to your Russian girlfriend, you can expect her to

do the same for you tenfold.

So what does it mean for a Russian girl to have a partner in

her boyfriend or husband? A partner is someone she is always ready to support.

Whether you need her to lift your spirits after a bad day at work or to give

you valuable advice about your future, you can get all that and more if you

just come to her for support.

Moreover, Russian girls are famously faithful. As long as

she is in a relationship with an equally faithful partner, the thought of

spending time with another man will never even cross her mind. With a Russian

girlfriend, fidelity is always a guarantee.

Sire, I may not, save that I know what my reward may be

Gottfried Von Strassburg (Died about 1210)

Gottfried was one of the most famous of that group of Minnesingers which included Hartmann von Aue and Wolfram von Eschenbach. These were the most popular writers of the socalled romances of knighthood. Gottfried’s Tristan was a workingover of a French version of the tale (now existing only in fragmentary form) by Thomas the Trouvere. The German work is a manycoloured story of love and adventure, direct, simple, and devoid of the finer subtleties of psychology. The Coming of Gandin is one of the complete episodes which abound throughout the romance.

The present version, translated by Jessie L. Weston, is reprinted by her permission from Tristan and Iseult, published by David Nutt in 1899. There is no title in the original.

The Coming of Gandin

From Tristan and Iseult

For in these days a ship came to Mark’s haven in Cornwall, and there landed from it a knight, a noble baron of Ireland, named Gandin; he was rich, handsome, and courteous, so manly and strong of limb that all Ireland spake of his valor.

Fairly clad, without shield or spear, he came riding to the king’s court. On his back he bare a lute adorned with gold and precious stones, astrung as a lute should be.

He dismounted, entered the palace, and greeted Mark and Iseult in fitting wise. Many a time and in many ways had he served the queen in her own land, through his knighthood, and the great love he bare her, and for her sake had he journeyed hither from Ireland.

Then Iseult knew him, and greeted him courteously. “God save thee, Sir Gandin.”

“Gramercy, fair Iseult, fair and fairer than gold in the eyes of Gandin!”
Iseult spake softly to the king, saying who the knight was and whence he came; and Mark hearkened, wondering much why he bare a lute, and in sooth so did all the folk, for such was not the wont of wandering knights. Nevertheless would Mark do him all the honor he might, both for his own sake and for that of Iseult, since he was the queen’s countryman; so he bade the stranger sit beside him, and spake to him of his folk and land, and of knightly deeds.

When the feast was ready, and water was brought round to the guests to wash their hands, then did the courtiers pray the stranger to play the lute before them. The king and queen said nought, they would leave it to his own will; and when he took no heed of their prayers, the courtiers mocked him, calling him “The Knight of the Lute,” “The Prince with the Penance”; and Gandin said nought, but sat beside King Mark, and ate and drank, and heeded them not.

When the feast was over, and the tables borne away, then King Mark prayed him, and he could, to pleasure them awhile with his skill on the lute; but Gandin answered: “Sire, I may not, save that I know what my reward may be.”

“Sir Knight, what meanest thou? Dost thou desire aught of my possessions? If so, ’tis granted; let us but hearken thy skill, and I will give thee whatever thou desirest.”

“So be it,” spake the knight of Ireland.

Then he sang a lay which pleased them all well, so that the king desired him to sing another. The traitor laughed in his heart. “Tell me,” he said, “what thou wilt, that I may play even as shall please thee.”

Source: https://bulgaria.doholiday.com/the-coming-of-gandin-part-1/

INCOMPLETE SECONDARY SCHOOLS

State Schools

The State supports seven schools of three

classes for boys and two of six classes for girls. The curriculum of these

schools is the same as that of the corresponding classes in the high

schools.  

The conditions for the appointment and the dismissal of teachers are the same as in the high schools. The salaries are also the same, with this sole difference that the State contributes onehalf, the other half being paid by the communes, at whose charge is the general maintenance of the primary schools.

All the schools belonging to this category

are administered by directors, appointed by the Ministry of Public Instruction,

who must’ fulfil the same conditions as the directors of the high schools. The

only exception to this rule are the schools which have only one class. As

regards their administration, these schools are assimilated to the primary

schools.

PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS

(a) Pedagogical Schools for Boys There are five pedagogical schools for all the Principality. These are institutions for secondary education, whose object is to train teachers for the primary schools. The course of studies is divided into four classes, and lasts four years.

A school comprising three classes is

attached to every training college, of which it forms the lower department.

Besides, there are in every pedagogical school four model elementary divisions,

in which the practical training of the future teachers takes place.

The following are subjects taught in the

training school:

(1)Religious instruction;

(2) Bulgarian;

(3) Moral psychology and pedagogics ;

(4) school practice;

(5) mathematics;

(6) civic instruction and political economy;

(7) history and geography;

(8) physics and chemistry;

(9) rural economy;

(10) hygiene and popular medicine;

(11) natural science;

(12) Russian ;

(13) drawing and calligraphy;

(14) singing and violin;

(15) gymnastics;

(16) manual work.

The number of students who are admitted

every year in the first form of these schools is fixed by a ministerial decree.

The candidates must pass a competitive examination before a special commission

which is appointed by the Ministry of Public Instruction. To this examination

are admitted boys who are not younger than fourteen years and not older than

seventeen, and who also have passed with success and good conduct at least

three classes of a high school.

Region of Present Day Armenia

The succeeding structural hubs of Bulgarian settlements originated from this center. One of them was situated directly to the south in the region of present day Armenia. The other one was to the north leans of the Caspian Black Sea region, to the north of the central flows of the Volga River, along the valley of the Pechora River, stretching towards the Arctic Ocean. The densely populated Bulgarian area in the Middle Volga basin is dated archaeologically to the mid-8th century. Here are some excerpts from descriptions of those earliest settlements:

“He (Valarshak) came down to the green meadows near the Shara region, which was called Bezlesen or Upper Basean by the ancient people. Later, because of the Bulgarian Vhndur Buigarcolonista who had settled there, it was called after the name of their leader, Vanand…

Caucasus Mountain

In the days of Arshak, there was great turmoil in the range of the great mountain of Caucasus, in the country of the Bulgarians; many of them separated and came to our country and settled under the Kol [Koh] in the fertile land where grain was in abundance for a long time”

From History of Armenia by Movses Horenatsi. Selected Sources on Bulgarian History, Vol. 2, TANGRA Tanagra Publishing House, Sofia, 2004.

Still farther west, four other cultural historical zones have been confirmed. The lands, which the settling Bulgarians turned into their new homeland, are consistent with the distinctive Bulgarian environment in the post Kubrat period of Old Great

Bulgarian Kan Asparuh

Bulgaria, the Bulgarians of Kan Asparuh, the heir of the ancient rulers’ dynasty of Dulo, conquered the lands to the south of the Dnepar River and in the east part of the Balkan Peninsula between Lower Danube, the Balkan Range and the Black Sea. They transferred the center of the state to Lower Moesia and established the so-called Danube Bulgaria. It was the one, which made real the most essential achievements during the later development of the Bulgarian civilization.

The large literary source Deeds of St Dimitar Solunski, speaks of the settling of Bulgarians in the region of the “Keramisia Field” (present Bitola Field) in the 670s, i.e. in present day Republic of Macedonia. The Panonian Bulgarians lived and fortified themselves in the plains of present day Hungary, along the Tisa River and in the Carpathian foothills. Bulgarian warriors and their families settled in the Italian Peninsula between the mountains and the sea, to the east of the Apennines and along the Adriatic coast in the region of Benevento. In a short period, they turned the area from a desolate to a blessed land.

S: https://bulgaria.doholiday.com/bulgarian-settlements/

Not attend the school regularly

When a pupil does not attend the school

regularly, the head master informs the school committee, which in its turn

brings the fact under the notice of the pupil’s parents. If the child still

fails to attend the classes, the persons responsible for him are liable to

fines from one to three francs, the decision resting with the mayor of the

parish. When this fine has been inflicted on the parents or guardians three

times in succession they become liable to fines from five to thirty francs, the

decisions resting with the departmental education council.

If the head masters and presidents of the

educational councils to whom the carrying out of these provisions is entrusted

fail to give effect to the law, they are punishable by fines varying from 10 to

100 francs.

The proceeds from all these fines go to the

schools funds of the respective parishes.

Supplementary Instruction. With the object of enlarging the scope of knowledge acquired in the primary schools, the respective authorities organise evening and holiday classes with the gratuitous cooperation of the teachers of primary schools. During the last few years, however, the Ministry of Public Instruction has been awarding fees varying from 20 to 150 francs to those teachers who have distinguished themselves most. The curriculae of these supplementary classes include, in addition to the subjects taught in the primary schools, also practical agriculture, viticulture, sericiculture, apiculture, fructiculture, and, for girls, dressmaking, bringing up of children, singing, and house work.

Qualifications of Teachers.—Persons

aspiring to become teachers in a primary school must fulfil the following

conditions :

1.            They

must be Bulgarian subjects.

2.            They

must have graduated at a pedagogical school.

3.            They

must be more than seventeen years old.

4.            They

must be of good morals and be free from physical defects.

5.            They

must have passed successfully the State examination

admitting them to the career. Article 62 of

the law admits persons who have graduated a gymnasium or other secondary school

to compete for the post of teacher, if they fulfil the other conditions. This

departure from the prescriptions of Article 58: was rendered necessary owing to

the number of young men who have graduated in pedagogical schools not being

sufficient to fill the vacancies caused by the multiplication of schools or by

the retirement of old teachers.

The State examination for admission

The State examination for admission to the

post of teacher comprises an oral and a written examination. This latter

consists of two themes, one bearing on pedagogics in general and the other

doling with educational methods. In appraising the merits of the first of these

papers, special attention is paid to the treatment of the subject, and to the

style. No one is admitted to the oral examination unless he has obtained a

satisfactory mark in the written test. The oral examination is both theoretical

and practical, this latter consisting of two lessons given before the pupils of

a special division which is attached to the pedagogical schools.

Frozen Bosphorus

Curious Eyes

The next day, it’s reported that the wind changed direction and the ices move rather to the shores of Sile and this fact lightens the Bosphorus. After that the ices quit the Bosphorus and it stops snowing, such news cover much lesser place in the newspapers. After the flow of ices, on the first Sunday when a mild weather is felt, the inhabitants of Istanbul rush to the Bosphorus. “Gece Postasi” reports the news as follows:’’

The inhabitanst of Istanbul watch the flow of ices covering the Bosphorus at various points and they take photos together with their families. Some tricksters trying to take advantage of this event took possession of some ice fields and they ask for money from people taking photos there.”

The Bosphorus lightened due to the nice weather and the change in the wind direction is again invaded by the ices some days after. The maritime transportation is halted. The newspaper ”Istanbul Ekspres” dated March 2, based on the wireless communication of a ship with Roumanian flag, reports that much bigger ice fields arrive towards the Bosphorus. Much fewer news showing the difficulties in winter 1954 appear in the newspapers. We don’t know whether it’s because less ices are seen or the news loses its significance but the last news is reported by the newspaper “AkSam” dated March 5.

“The space between Buyukdere and Kavaklar on the Rumeli and Anatolian shores of the Bosphorus is entirely covered by ice.”

Effects To The Daily Life

Following the freezing cold, snowstorm, storm and heavy snow lasting 10 – 15 days, the Bosphorus is frozen and Istanbul covered in white looks like the North European countries. Compared to the actual cold weathers, the winter 1954 looks much more like the Siberian winter. Cemalettin Bildik writes the following about the ices blocking the Bosphorus in the newspaper “Aksam” dated February 28.1954: “After 1929.

The ice fields arriving from the Danube and other rivers obstructed once again the Black Sea Straits and one can go on foot from the Garipler Village on the Rumeli side to the Poyraz Village on the Anatolian side.” This is the most important event of the winter 1954. It’s even much more important that the shortage of coal and wood and the price of leek jumped to 75 kuruS (piaster) and the price of spinach jumped to 140kuruS.

No matter how quick is the governor in uniting both sides of the Bosphours, the heavy winter managed to make people walk on the Bosphorus and thus, the real problem of food has been forgotten. Not only the private cars but also low-income people coming by bus or dolmus? crowded the Bosphorus to contemplate the ice fields.

Don’t Wake The Moon Up

Yesterday me too, I went to Yenimahalle to see people who contemplate the ice fields. The trip to the Bosphorus in heavy winter recalls the trips made in spring and summer but there is a big difference… Where are ladies in their sleeveless dresses making promenade on the shore… Ladies with shorts… Where are those jumping into the sea from the shores…

We meet some familiar faces but they wear now warm clothes and overcoats. While contemplating this landscape, don’t know why but the Moda Bay comes to my mind. The voice of the master Munir Nurettin Selcuk rings in my ears.’’Aheste gek kurekleri, mehtap uyanmasin” (Row slowly, so that the moon doesn’t wake up)… Which moon, master?… Let’s come and look at this state of the Bosphorus and imagine the Moda Bay. Even if the boatman rows slowly, where can he go among these ice fields… Let alone the rowboat, the ship doesn’t sail.”

Source: https://sofia.istanbulgaria.info/bosphorus-frozen-1954/

Europe remained in ignorance

For a long while, Europe remained in ignorance of the fate of Christians under the Ottoman yoke. Distracted by bloody wars, she scarcely noticed their slavery for centuries. And yet, the history of the Christians under Turkish rule in the Middle Ages is of the greatest interest. Had the rulers been of the same race and religion as the vanquished, the subjection might have been more tolerable.

Ottoman domination was not, however, a simple political domination. Ottoman tyranny was social as well as political. It was keenly and painfully felt in private as well as in public life; in social liberty, manners and morals; in the free development of national feeling; in short, in the whole scope of human life. According to our present notions, political domination does not infringe upon personal liberty, which is sacred for the conqueror. This is not the case with Turkish rule.

The Bulgarians, like the other Christians of the Balkan peninsula, were, both collectively and individually, slaves. The life, possessions, and honour of private individuals were in constant peril. The bulk of the people, after several generations, calmed down to passivity and inertia. From time to time the more vigorous element, the strongest individualities, protested. Some Bulgarian whose sister had been carried off to the harem of some pacha would take to the mountains and make war on the oppressors. The haidukes and voivodes, celebrated in the national songs, kept up in mountain fastnesses that spirit of liberty which later was to serve as a cement to unite the new Bulgarian nation.

A noteworthy fact that the Osmanlis

But it is a noteworthy fact that the Osmanlis, being themselves but little civilised, did not attempt to assimilate the Bulgarians in the sense in which civilised nations try to effect the intellectual and ethnic assimilation of a subject race. Except in isolated cases, where Bulgarian girls or young men were carried off and forced to adopt Mohammedanism, the government never took any general measures to impose Mohammedanism or assimilate the Bulgarians to the Moslems.

The Turks prided themselves on keeping apart from the Bulgarians, and this was fortunate for our nationality. Contented with their political supremacy and pleased to feel themselves masters, the Turks did not trouble about the spiritual life of the ray as, except to try to trample out all desires for independence. All these circumstances contributed to allow the Bulgarian people, crushed and ground down by the Turkish yoke, to concentrate and preserve its own inner spiritual life.

Indent City of Antiocheia in Pisidia

Yalvac Indent City of Antiocheia in Pisidia

Seeking the distinctive historical texture that underlies the county of Yalvac, we are led to the remains of the ancient city of Antiocheia in Pisidia.

The first buildings our eyes light upon seem to be strewn over the hillsides and among the ravines. The principal entrance to the city was located on its western side. The present form of the Western Gate, the guardian of the city’s security, dates to 21 2 and is decorated with reliefs of weapons and armor.

From there we stroll along the street called Cardo Maximus and make a sentimental visit to the abodes of the city’s erstwhile owners. Who knows whose house we may end up in as we ply these narrow, straight streets? The old town had two forums, that of Augustus and that of Tiberius. Located on the eastern side of the city, they were the focal-points of its life. Even the first workers’ strike in the world was taken at the Forum of Tiberius in AD 46. As we walk along, from time to time we realize that we are treading.

With this pensive thought in our hearts, we reach the aqueduct, gracing the north side of the city like a necklace.

The magnificent fortifications that once encircled and sheltered the acropolis of Antiocheia measure about three thousand meters in length. These walls underwent expansion and repairs in Roman and Byzantine times. Who knows how many sentries guarding these walls gazed dreamily upon the magnificent view around him?

Goddess Kybele

The sacred precinct of the acropolis, the city’s highest point, contains a temple dedicated to Emperor Augustus. Originally a temple to the goddess Kybele was located here. It was replaced by a temple dedicated to the moon-god Men afterwards. Still later, an elaborately decorated Augustus temple, dedicated to the Emperor who established the first and biggest Roman colony in the area, was built on the site in the late 1st century BC. From the standpoint of both its architecture and its decoration, the Temple of Augustus is a unique example of its kind. In the early 5th century, the temple was converted into a Christian church.

As you take in the scene before you, the very air you breathe seems charged with the millennia-old mystical inspiration of goddesses, gods, and emperors.

Despite being located on a hill, Antiocheia has a well-organized city plan and a developed infrastructure.

1 st-century propylon or monumental gate is situated where the Augustus and Tiberius forums join. Over its central archway are reliefs of Genius with wings and Nike that are indescribably elegant in the artistry of their execution.

Forum of Tiberius

The Forum of Tiberius (which dates to AD 15-40) is located at the eastern terminus of a column-lined street that dates from the 1st century AD and was one of the most important parts of the city. Large quantities of glass, pottery, and bronze objects have been unearthed in the shops of its gallery. The city’s theater is built into the side of a hill near the downtown area.

Elaborately decorated, the theater consists of three main parts. Originally it had a seating capacity of 5,000, but this was later, in the Roman times, increased to 15,000. One very unusual feature of this theater is its tunnel which is 8 meters wide and 62.5 meters long. This is unique among the theaters of the ancient world. It was, also in this theater that St. Thecla was exposed to torture.

Large quantities of glass, pottery, and bronze objects have been unearthed in the shops of its gallery. The city’s theater is built into the side of a hill near the downtown area. Elaborately decorated, the theater consists of three main parts. Originally it had a seating capacity of 5,000, but this was later, in the Roman times, increased to 15,000. One very unusual feature of this theater is its tunnel which is 8 meters wide and 62.5 meters long. This is unique among the theaters of the ancient world. It was, also in this theater that St. Thecla was exposed to torture.

Nymphaeum

The city’s monumental fountain (nymphaeum) consists of two parts. The first is an elaborately decorated facade of columns that contained the fonts; the second is a large reservoir lying behind the facade in which water was stored. Scattered around the city are smaller fountains from which Antiocheia’s ice-cold water bubbled forth.

A public bath is located at the northwestern corner of the city. Dating back to AD 25, it is a typical example of Roman bath architecture with separate hot, cold, and cool sections, dressing- rooms, service areas, and places to store water and supplies. The city’s stadium stands to the west of the acropolis where the foothills of the Sultan Mountains begin. Built in the 3rd century BC, it measures 190 meters long and 30 meters wide.

The stadium apparently underwent much development during Roman times and in its heyday it was the scene of exciting sports events and competitions, thrilling races, and bloody gladiatorial combats sometimes between man and beast, and sometimes between man and man. All in all, the stadium is where the strong vanquished the weak and where humanity’s savage and martial instincts were catered to and allowed to run free and untrammeled.

Crown of Antiocheia

The jewel in the crown of Antiocheia that makes it a place of pilgrimage is the Church of St Paul, the city’s first Christian church and also its biggest. Located 200 meters south of the Roman baths, it was erected on the site of the synagogue in which Paul delivered his first sermon, as described in Acts 13, by the city’s grateful inhabitants and dedicated the church to him. The building has a typical basilica plan. Excavations at the site have revealed the existence of a smaller church that was built here before the present one. The church is the most impressive in appearance with its mosaic-tiled floor and wall of columns.

Beneath the smaller church, the remains of a synagogue can be identified. This indicates that there were at least three stages of construction on this site. The first was the synagogue, which was rather large in size. In the early 3rd century a small church was built on the spot. Sometime in the early 4th century, the church we see today was put up. Numerous graves and skeletal remains have been discovered within the church. The church’s floor is decorated with specially-designed mosaics. Among the inscriptions on the floor of building is a reference to an Orthodox church leader named Optimus, who is known to have been the bishop of Antiocheia in 375-381.

In 46, St Paul accompanied by St Barnabas delivered his first sermon in the synagogue which was later replaced by the church. The church quickly became a place of pilgrimage for the faithful and a setting in which many other saints were to deliver sermons of their own.

The existence of seven churches in the city indicates that it was a religious center.

The aqueduct, which has become a symbol for the whole ancient city, was built in Roman times. Extending along the northern side of the city, it brings water from a source located ten kilometers away. The aqueduct is amazingly well preserved, especially when one considers that it was built in the first century AD. Despite the passage of nearly two thousand years, this structure that supplied the ancient city with its beneficial water still stands proud and tall.

Source: https://bulgarian.marietaminkova.com/indent-city-antiocheia-pisidia/